Alloy (Alloy pipe) is a kind of seamless steel tube, alloy tube is divided into structural seamless steel pipe and highpressure alloy pipes. Major differences in alloy tube production standards and industrial, alloy annealed quenched and temperedto change its mechanical properties. Desired processing conditions. High performance than of seamless steeltubes and varied use, chemical composition of alloy containing more Cr, hightemperature resistance, low temperature resistance, good corrosion resistance. Carbon seamless tube containing alloy composition or composition rarely, alloy tube in oil, aerospace, chemical, electric power, boiler, military andother industries use broader reasons for the mechanical properties ofthe alloyvaried good adjustments.
Implementation of standards
China national standard
GB/T8162-2008
GB/T8163-2008
GB3087-2008
GB6479-2000
GB9948-2006
GB5310-2008
ASME SA210--United States of boiler and pressure vessel code
ASME SA213--United States of boiler and pressure vessel code
DIN17175--Federal Germany industrial standard
Dimensional tolerances
Tube type outer diameter (d) wall thickness (s)
Seamless cold drawn steel pipe outer diameter (mm) tolerance (mm) pipe wall thickness (mm) tolerance (mm)
>30~50 ± 0.3 >3~20 ± 10%
Mechanical properties
Standard grade tensile strength (MPa) the yield strength (MPa) elongation (%) hardness
GB3087 10 335~475 ≥195 ≥24 /
20 410~550 ≥ 245 ≥ 20/
GB5310 20G 410~550 ≥245 ≥24 /
20MnG ≥415 ≥240 ≥22 /
25MnG ≥485 ≥275 ≥20 /
15CrMoG 440~640 ≥235 ≥21 /
12Cr2MoG 450~600 ≥280 ≥20 /
12Cr1MoVG 470~640 ≥255 ≥21 /
12Cr2MoWVTiB 540~735 ≥345 ≥18 /
10Cr9Mo1VNb ≥585 ≥415 ≥20 /
ASME SA210 SA210A-1 ≥415 ≥255 ≥30 ≤143HB
SA210C ≥485 ≥275 ≥30 ≤179HB
ASME SA213 SA213 T11 ≥415 ≥205 ≥30 ≤163HB
SA213 T12 ≥415 ≥220 ≥30 ≤163HB
SA213 T22 ≥415 ≥205 ≥30 ≤163HB
SA213 T23 ≥510 ≥400 ≥20 ≤220HB
SA213 T91 ≥585 ≥415 ≥20 ≤250HB
SA213 T92 ≥620 ≥440 ≥20 ≤250HB
DIN17175 ST45.8/Ⅲ 410~530 ≥255 ≥21 /
15Mo3 450~600 ≥270 ≥22 /
13CrMo44 440~590 ≥290 ≥22 /
10CrMo910 480~630 ≥280 ≥20 /
Management on the calculation of the alloy: (outside diameter-thickness) * *0.02483= weight per metre of wall thickness.
Alloy pipe materials are: 16-50Mn, 27SiMn, 20-40Cr, and 12-42CrMo, 16Mn, 12Cr1MoV T91 27SiMn 30CrMo 15CrMo 20G Cr9Mo 10CrMo910 15Mo3 15CrMoV 35CrMoV 45CrMo
Alloy tube categories:
Palladium alloy tube for hydrogen and separation of impurities.
Palladium tube purification hydrogen of principle is, in 300-500 ℃ Xia, put stay purification of hydrogen pass into Palladium tube of side Shi, hydrogen was adsorption in Palladium tube wall Shang, due to Palladium of 4d electronic layer missing two a electronic, it can and hydrogen generated not stable of chemical key (Palladium and hydrogen of this reaction is reversible of), in Palladium of role Xia, hydrogen was ionization for Proton its RADIUS for 1.5x1015m, and Palladium of lattice constants for 3.88x10-10m (20 ℃ Shi), so can through Palladium tube, In the presence of Palladium Proton combined with electronic and formation of hydrogen molecule again, escaping from the Palladium the other side. Palladium surface, not dissociated gases is proof, so Palladium tube can be used to obtain high purity hydrogen. Although unique to hydrogen permeability of Palladium, PD's poor mechanical properties, high temperature oxidation and recrystallization temperature low, Palladium tube can be easily deformed and brittle, it cannot be PD through the membrane. In Palladium in the added amount of IB family and ⅷ family elements, made Palladium alloy, can improved Palladium of mechanical performance 11. car half axis casing with seamless steel tube (GB3088-82) is manufacturing car half axis casing and the drive bridge bridge shell axis works of quality carbon pigment structure steel and alloy structure steel hot seamless steel tube Palladium alloy in the, silver about accounted for 20-30%, other components (as gold,) of content < 5%.
Current application of Palladium alloys, silver characteristically accounted for, other ingredients (such as gold) content < 5%. Rate of hydrogen through Palladium alloy and temperature, membrane thickness and permeability to touch sides of raw material hydrogen and pure hydrogen pressure (p). Raise the temperature, increase health and decrease the thickness of the film, will increase hydrogen permeation rate. Temperature increases will reduce the tensile strength of permeable membranes. Therefore, the Palladium tube temperature is usually controlled at 450 degrees Celsius. Some impurities can cause poisoning of Palladium, air permeability deterioration, even film to be compromised. Palladium can cause poisoning substances: Mercury, arsenic compounds, halides, oil vapor, sulfur and ammonia-containing substances and dusts. Palladium alloys can be made of tubular (called Palladiumtube) or a diaphragm (called Palladium membrane).
ABS alloy and special hot melt adhesive is one widely used in building water supply and central air conditioning in the building water supply pipe and tube for central air conditioning application. PC/ABS alloy can also manufacture automotive exterior parts, such as wheel covers, mirror shell, tail lamp, and so on. PC/ABS has goodformability, can process large parts for automobiles, such as automobile fenders.
Alloy tube as an important component of iron and steel products, due to its manufacturing process, and the tube shapes are divided into seamless tubes (round) and welded steel (sheet, strip) in two categories.
Palladium tubes of hydrogen purification principle is 300-500 deg for the purification of hydrogen through Palladium adsorbed hydrogen on one side of the tube in the 4d electronic layers of Palladium Palladium wall due to missing two electrons can not stable chemical bonds with hydrogen generation (Palladium reacts with the hydrogen is reversible) in the presence of Palladium
The Elimination of hydrogen embrittlement
"1" T22 the number of hydrogen permeation alloy steel pipe, must minimize the T22 alloy steel tube of high strength/high hardness steel pickling, as acid contributesto hydrogen embrittlement. When the derusting and oxide skin, try using the method of sand blasting, ruoluo hardness equal to or greater than HRC 32 when pickling T22 alloy steel pipe, must ensure, in the formulation of the pickling process T22 alloy steel pipe immersed in acid for the longest time not more than 10 minutes. And should as reduced acid liquid of concentration, and guarantee parts in acid in the soaking of time not over 10 minutes; in except oil Shi, used cleaning agent or solvent except oil, chemical except oil way, infiltration hydrogen volume less, if used electrochemical except oil, first cathode Hou anode, high strength T22 alloy steel tube not allows with cathode electric lifted oil; in heat treatment Shi, strictly control methanol and propane of drops note volume; in plating Shi, alkaline plating liquid or high current efficiency of plating liquid infiltration hydrogen volume less.
"2" using low hydrogen diffusion and low solubility of the coating
Generally, in electroplating Cr, Zn, Cd, Ni, Sn, and Pb time, penetrate steel hydrogen easily survived, but Cu, Mo, and Al, Ag, and Au, w T22 alloy steel pipe coating with low hydrogen diffusion and low solubility of hydrogen, hydrogen is less. In meeting the technical requirements of the product case, does not cause hydrogen coating can be applied, such as the mechanical zinc or chromium-free coated Zn-Al coating does not occur in hydrogen embrittlement, high corrosion resistance, adhesion, and electroplating environmentally friendly.
"3" coated to stress and lustrate hydrogen after galvanizing to eliminate the risk ofhydrogen embrittlement if parts hardening and welding residual stress within the process, should be tempered before plating, tempering stress can actually reducethe number of traps in this part, so as to reduce the risk of hydrogen embrittlement.
"4" control coat thickness, is given to cover fastener surface coating to some extent will play the role of hydrogen diffusion barrier, which would impede the diffusionof hydrogen to fastener outside. When the thickness of 2.5 μ m is exceeded, hydrogen diffusion away from the fastener is very difficult. Hardness <32HRC fasteners, coating thickness can require 12 μ m; hardness 32HRC high strength bolts, coat thickness should be controlled at 8 μg Mmax. This requires in product design, consideration must be given to the risk of hydrogen embrittlement of high strength bolts, reasonable choice of coating types
Rust removal
First: except rust grade, for alloy tube common of ring oxygen class, vinyl class, phenolic class, anti-corrosion paint of construction process, General requirements of are is will alloy tube surface reached near white level, through practice obtained of proved is, with this except rust grade almost can removed all of oxidation skin, rust also has other of dirt real full of meet has anti-corrosion layer and alloy tube of adhesion requirements, and Jet except rust process can with lower of costs on can stable reliable of makes quality reached near white level of conditions.
The second: want to make rust effect to achieve the desired effect, depending on alloy surface hardness, the original degree of rusting, required surface roughness,coating type to select the abrasive, single-layer epoxy, two-layer or three-layer polyethylene coating to achieve the ideal of rust, steel and steel shot abrasive is needed. For steel shot steel surface strengthened the role of steel etching of steel surface.
Third: want better cleanliness and roughness of the uniform distribution of the abrasive particle size and composition of design is very important, because it is too large or is likely to cause thinning of the coating on the anchor line Spike, will anchor both lines too deeply, are apt to corrosion in the process of forming bubbles, seriously affect coating properties. (In the actual operation, the abrasive grit and ideal ratio of steel shot is hard to achieve)
IV: in Jet processing zhiqian, removed has alloy tube surface of oil and scale, also can with heating furnace on tube body Preheat to 40-60 degrees Celsius, makes alloy tube of surface keep dry of State, because alloy tube surface is not containing oil, dirt of, such can enhanced except rust of effect, addition, dry of alloy tube surface is conducive to steel pills, steel sand and rust and oxidation skin of separation of, such on will makes only except rust Hou of alloy tube surface more of clean.
Physical properties
Alloy tube categories
(1) seamless steel tubes
Due to its manufacturing process, is divided into hot-rolled (squeeze) seamless steel tubes and drawing (rolling) seamless steel pipe in two ways. Drawing (rolling) tubes consists of a circular tube and shaped tubes in two.
a. Process overview
Hot-rolled (squeeze seamless steel tubes): the round perforation of heating tube three-roll cross-rolling, rolling or extrusion pipe sizing (or reducing) cooling steel tube straightening hydraulic test (or testing) tag storage.
Drawing (rolling) seamless steel pipe: begin with a heated round tube perforation annealed and pickled oiled (copper plated) multi-pass drawing (cold rolled) steel tube heat treatment straightening hydraulic test (testing) tag storage.
b. Seamless steel tube, because of their use, are divided into several varieties:
GB/T8162-2008 (structure with seamless steel tubes). Mainly used for general structure and mechanical structures. His representative material (brands): carbon steel, 20, 45th; steel Q345, 20Cr, 40Cr, 20CrMo, 30-35CrMo, 42CrMo, etc.
GB/T8163-2008 (transmission fluid seamless steel tubes). Mainly used for projects and large devices transmission fluid pipes. Representative material (grade) was 20, Q345, etc.
GB3087-2008 (low/middle-pressure boiler seamless steel tubes). Mainly used in industrial boilers and boiler low pressure fluid in pipes. Representative material for steel, 10, 20th.
GB5310-2008 (high pressure boiler seamless steel tubes). Mainly used in power stations and nuclear power plant boiler high temperature, high pressure transmission fluid-headers and pipes. Representative material for 20G, 12Cr1MoVG, 15CrMoG, etc.
GB5312-1999 (ships with carbon steel and carbon manganese steel seamless steel tubes). Mainly used for marine boilers and overheating I, II-level pressure pipe and so on. Representative material is 360, 410, 460, grade, etc.
GB6479-2000 (high-pressure fertilizer pipe). Mainly used in chemical fertilizer equipment for high temperature and high pressure fluid pipes. Representative materialfor 20, 16Mn, 12CrMo, 12Cr2Mo, and so on.
GB9948-2006 (seamless steel tubes for petroleum cracking). Mainly used in oil refinery boiler, heat exchanger and its transmission fluid pipes. His representative material for 20, 12CrMo, 1Cr5Mo, 1Cr19Ni11Nb, and so on.
GB18248-2000 (gas cylinders-seamless steel tubes). Mainly used in the production of gas, hydraulic cylinders. His representative material for 37Mn, 34Mn2V, 35CrMoetc.
GB/T17396-2007 (hot rolled seamless steel pipes for hydraulic props). And mainly for the production of coal mine hydraulic support cylinder, cylinder, hydraulic cylinder, and other columns. His representative material for 20, 45, 27SiMn.
GB3093-1986 (diesel engine with high-pressure seamless steel tubes). Mainly used for injection system of diesel engine high pressure tubing. The steel for cold-drawn pipe, his representative material for 20A.
GB/T3639-2007 (cold-drawn or cold-rolled precision seamless steel tubes). Pressure equipment mainly used in mechanical construction, carbon, requiring high dimensional accuracy, surface finish and good pipe. His representative material such as20, 45.
GB/T3094-1999 (cold-drawn seamless steel pipes shaped steel tube). Mainly used in the production of structural components and parts, made of high quality carbonsteel and low alloy steel.
GB/T8713-1988 (precision for hydraulic and pneumatic cylinder diameter seamless steel tubes). Mainly used for the production of hydraulic and pneumatic cylinder with precision for dimension of inner diameter of cold-drawn or cold-rolled seamless steel tubes. His representative material for 20, 45 steel.
GB13296-2007 (stainless steel seamless tubes for boilers, heat exchangers). Mainlyused in the chemical business boiler, superheater, heat exchanger, condenser, catalytic pipes and so on. High temperature, high pressure, corrosion-resistant steel. His representative material for 0Cr18Ni9, 1Cr18Ni9Ti, 0Cr18Ni12Mo2Ti, and so on.
GB/T14975-2002 (stainless steel seamless tubes for structures). Mainly used for general structures (Hotel, restaurant decoration) and the chemical resistance of mechanical structure with air, acid etching and some strength of steel pipe. His representative material for 0-3Cr13, 0Cr18Ni9, 1Cr18Ni9Ti, 0Cr18Ni12Mo2Ti etc.
GB/T14976-2002 (fluid transport stainless steel seamless steel tubes). Mainly used for transportation of corrosive media pipeline. Representative material for 0Cr13, 0Cr18Ni9, 1Cr18Ni9Ti, 0Cr17Ni12Mo2, 0Cr18Ni12Mo2Ti, etc.
YB/T5035-1993 (car axle with seamless steel tubes). Mainly used in production of automobile half shaft sleeve and driven bridge shell axis effective quality carbon structural steel and hot-rolled structural alloy steel seamless steel pipe. His representative material for 45, 45Mn2, 40Cr, 20CrNi3A, and so on.
API SPEC5CT-1999 (casing and tubing norms), is a United States Petroleum Institute (American Petreleum Instiute referred to as the "API") prepare and publish in general around the world. Where: casing: from the surface into the drilling, as the walllining of the pipe, connected by coupling between the tubes. Main material for J55, N80, P110, grade, and C90, T95, anti-corrosion of steel grade. Low grade (J55, N80) can be welded steel tubes. Tubing: inserted into the casing until the surface layer of the pipe, by coupling between the tubes or connections. Its role and pumping oil reservoir through the tubing into the ground. Main material for J55, N80, P110, C90, T95, anti-corrosion of steel grade. Low grade (J55, N80) can be welded steel tubes.
API SPEC 5L-2000 (line pipe), is the United States prepared and released by the API, and in general all over the world.
Pipelines: is oil the shaft out of the ground, air or water, transported by pipeline tothe oil and gas industry. Pipeline include both seamless and welded tubes, the tube end is flat, threaded and socket ends; its connection to end weld, coupling connections, socket connections, and so on. The tubes are mainly made of b, X42, X56, X65, X70 and other steel grades.
Alloy-dimensions and tolerances
Use
Deviation standard outside diameter allowable deviation
D1 ± 1.5%, min ± 0.75 mm
D2 ±1.0%。 Minimum ± 0.50 mm
D3 ±0.75%. Minimum ± 0.30 mm
D4 ±0.50%。 Minimum ± 0.10 mm
Alloy pipes are mainly used for low and medium pressure boiler (working pressure is not greater than 5.88Mpa, working temperature of 450 degrees), heating surface pipes; for high pressure boilers (working pressure above 9.8Mpa, working temperature of 450 degrees centigrade between ~650) heating surface pipes, economizer, superheater, reheater, pipe for petrochemical industry, etc.
Grades of high-alloy tube 15CrMoG, 12Cr2MoG, and 12Cr1MoVG, and 12Cr2MoWVTiB, and 10Cr9Mo1VNb, and SA210A1, and SA210C, SA213 T11, SA213 T12, SA213 T22, SA213 T23, SA213 T91, SA213 T92, ST45.8/III, 15Mo3, 13CrMo44, 10CrMo910 etc.
Alloy steel pipe
Use
Alloy steel pipe is used for power plants, nuclear, pressure cooker stove of high-temperature superheater and reheater, high pressure and high temperature piping and equipment, it is made of high quality carbon steel, alloy steel and stainless steel materials, hot-rolled (squeeze, expansion) or cold-rolled (drawn).
Advantages
100% recycled, in line with the national strategy for environmental protection, energy saving, resource saving, national policy encourages the expansion of applications of high pressure alloy pipes. Alloy consumption in China currently accounting for only half that of the developed countries as a share of total steel, alloy tube using the field for the development of the industry to provide more room. According to the China Association of special steel alloy tube branch expert group study, high pressure alloy pipes in the future up to $literal% average annual growth in demand for long products.
With seamless connections and differences
Alloy is steel pipe according to the production bills of material (or material) to define, by definition is made of alloy tubes and seamless steel pipe according to the production process (seam seamless) to define, the difference in seamless pipe is welded tubes, including straight seam welded pipe and spiral welded pipe.
Standard
Alloy tube with a hollow section, a large number of pipes used as transmission fluid, such as oil, natural gas, coal gas, water, mechanical processing, and some solidmaterial piping, etc. Alloy, compared with solid steel round bar, resistance to bending and torsional strength is the same, light weight, alloy, is an economic section steel, widely used in the manufacture of structural components and mechanical parts, such as drill, propeller shafts, bike racks and construction steel scaffolding used in the construction. Alloy steel pipe manufacturing ring parts can increase material utilization, simplifying the manufacturing process, saving material and processing time, such as Jack and bearing rings, is currently widely used to manufacture. Alloy,or a variety of indispensable materials of conventional arms, the barrel, the barrel must steel pipe manufacturing. Alloy steel pipe cross sectional area can be divided into different shapes round tube and tube. Because the perimeter under equal conditions, the largest, with circular tube can deliver more fluid. In addition, the ring cross-section when subjected to internal or external pressure, force more evenly, so most of the steel pipe is the pipe.
Alloy pipe of large diameter alloy pipes, thick-wall alloy tube, high pressure alloy pipes, alloy flanges, alloy elbows, P91 alloy tubes and seamless steel pipes, and exclusive possession of chemical fertilizers is also very common.
